ABSTRACT
Endoscopic brow lift has become widely accepted as a procedure for restoring a youthful
brow, as only three, hardly noticeable incisions of the scalp are needed for this
subperiosteal dissection and final repositioning of the brow. It has become an acceptable
technique, an alternative to the conventional technique or transcoronal browpexy.
Endoscopic brow lift allows separation and repositioning of the periosteum of the
orbital rims and zygomaxilla. In a 7-year period beginning September 1999, 350 patients
underwent endoscopic brow lift. In these patients, we used our fixation approach,
which was accomplished with an absorbable suture subperiosteally. Satisfactory forehead
rejuvenation was obtained in all patients with correct eyebrow movement. Long-term
results over 7 years confirm the strength and durability of our fixation approach.
We consider this approach to be a simple, fast, and reliable fixation technique that
establishes precise, secure, and direct brow fixation that allows satisfactory and
long-lasting cosmetic results.
KEYWORDS
Suture fixation - endoscopic brow lift
REFERENCES
- 1
Core G B, Vasconez L O, Askren C et al..
Coronal face lift with endoscopic techniques.
Plas Surg Forum.
1992;
15
227
- 2
Isse N G.
Endoscopic facial rejuvenation: endoforehead, the functional lift. Case reports.
Aesthetic Plast Surg.
1994;
18
21-29
- 3
Ramirez O M.
Endoscopic techniques in facial rejuvenation: an overview. Part 1.
Aesthetic Plast Surg.
1994;
18
141-147
- 4
Ramirez O M.
Endoscopic subperiosteal browlift and facelift.
Clin Plast Surg.
1995;
22
639-660
- 5
Rohrich R J, Beran S J.
Evolving fixation methods in endoscopically assisted forehead rejuvenation: controversies
and rationale.
Plast Reconstr Surg.
1997;
100
1575-1582
- 6
Ramirez O M.
Endoscopic full facelift.
Aesthetic Plast Surg.
1994;
18
363-371
- 7
Pozner J N.
Simplified fixation for endoscopic brow lifts: self-tapping, drill-free posts.
Plast Reconstr Surg.
1999;
103
1326
- 8
Eppley B L, Coleman J, Sood R et al..
Resorbable screw fixation technique for endoscopic brow and midfacial lifts.
Plast Reconstr Surg.
1998;
102
241-243
- 9
Niazi ZBM, Salzberg C A.
Endoscopic forehead lifts: the postoperatively adjustable technique.
Plast Reconstr Surg.
1998;
101
2006
- 10
Taylor C O, Green J G, Wise D P.
Endoscopic forehead lift: technique and case presentations.
J Oral Maxillofac Surg.
1996;
54
569-577
- 11
Pakkanen M, Salisbury A, Ersek R.
Biodegradable positive fixation for the endoscopic brow lift.
Plast Reconstr Surg.
1996;
98
1087-1091
- 12
Landecker A, Buck J, Grooting J.
A new resorbable tack fixation technique for endoscopic brow lifts.
Plast Reconstr Surg.
2003;
111
880-886
- 13
Chasan P E, Kupfer D M.
Direct K-wire fixation technique during endoscopic brow lifts.
Aesthetic Plast Surg.
1998;
22
338-340
- 14
Loomis M G.
Endoscopic brow fixation without bolsters or miniscrews.
Plast Reconstr Surg.
1996;
98
373-374
- 15
Mixter R C.
Endoscopic forehead fixation with histoacryl.
Plast Reconstr Surg.
1998;
101
2006-2007
- 16
Kobienia B J, Van Beek A.
Calvarial fixation during endoscopic brow lift.
Plast Reconstr Surg.
1998;
102
238-240
- 17
Muller G-H .
Endoscopic forehead lift: the subperiosteal pulling stich.
Aesthetic Plast Surg.
1996;
20
297-301
- 18
Jones B, Grover R.
Endoscopic brow lift: a personal review of 538 patients and comparison of fixation
techniques. Plast Reconstr.
Surg.
2004;
113
1242-1250
- 19
Hoenig J F.
Rigid anchoring of the forehead to the frontal bone in endoscopic facelifting: a new
technique.
Aesthetic Plast Surg.
1996;
20
213-215
- 20
Mckinney P, Sweis I.
An accurate technique for fixation in endoscopic brow lift: a 5-year follow up.
Plast Reconstr Surg.
2001;
108
1808-1810
- 21
Putterman A M.
Intraoperatively controlled small-incision forehead and brow lift.
Plast Reconstr Surg.
1997;
100
262-266
- 22
Daniel R K, Tirkanits B.
Endoscopic forehead lift: an operative technique.
Plast Reconstr Surg.
1996;
98
1148-1157
- 23 Schur P L, Don S A.
Forehead and brow lift. In: J. Weinzweig Plastic surgery secrets. Philadelphia, PA; Hanley and Belfus 1999
- 24
Romo T, Sclafani A P, Yung R T et al..
Endoscopic foreheadplasty: a histological comparison periosteal refixation after endoscopic
versus bicoronal lift.
Plast Reconstr Surg.
2000;
105
1111-1117
- 25
Mckinney P, Celetti S, Sweis I.
An accurate technique for fixation in endoscopic brow lift.
Plast Reconstr Surg.
1996;
97
824-827
- 26
Guyuron B, Michelow B J.
Refinements in endoscopic forehead rejuvenation.
Plast Reconstr Surg.
1997;
100
154-160
- 27
Foustanos A, Zavrides H.
An alternative fixation technique for the endoscopic brow lift.
Ann Plast Surg.
2006;
56
599-604
Andreas FoustanosM.D.
Associate Professor of Plastic Surgery, 32, Kifisias Avenue
Megaro “ATRINA,” 151 25 Paradeisos Amarousiou, Athens, Greece